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The Bostromian argument for a Peggy Sue timeline [Feb. 1st, 2013|08:41 pm]
Scott
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The Bostromian argument for a Peggy-Sue timeline
1. Most timelines contain the potential for enough technology or magic to allow someone to go back in time to fix the mistakes of the present [source: anime and fanfiction]
2. Most times people try this, they will only mess things up worse, sometimes requiring hundreds or even thousands of timelines before they complete their mission [source: ibid]
3. Therefore, the "original" timeline will spin off hundreds or thousands of Peggy Sue timelines, each with about the same population as the original.
4. The vast majority of person-instances will therefore be living in Peggy Sue timelines, rather than the original timeline.
5. Anyone without any special information on whether they are on an original timeline or a Peggy Sue timeline should conclude through anthropic reasoning that they are probably living in a Peggy Sue timeline.

The anti-simulationist corollary
1. Most simulations will not allow separate Peggy Sue timelines, since they require immense computational resources (and in cases where each Peggy Sue timeline allows other characters to spin off their own Peggy Sue timelines, potentially infinite computational resources before resolving).
2. Most Peggy Sue timelines will not allow simulations, as this will mean millions of suffering people being kept deluded, and any true hero or heroine would go back in time to prevent them from being formed.
3. Therefore, Peggy Sue timelines and simulated universes are mostly mutually exclusive.
4. There are few good reasons to run ancestor simulations, but many good reasons to go back in time to fix your past mistakes.
5. The number of simulations is limited by available computing power in the lowest-level universe, but the number of Peggy Sue timelines is limited only by the plucky determination of anime heroines to never lose hope, no matter how dark the path or many failures they have suffered.
6. Therefore, there are more Peggy Sue timelines than simulations.
7. Therefore, you are probably not living in a simulation.
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What if drone warfare had come first? [Oct. 27th, 2012|03:08 pm]
Scott
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Epistemic Status: Interesting to think about, but not nearly as aimed at expressing a strong position on this issue as it might sound.

I am somewhat happy that no one has torn my calculations apart on the drone warfare article yet. Only somewhat happy because I hoped someone would try and I would get either independent confirmation or competing data to take into account.

But several people did respond, and the overall tone was that drone warfare has more problems than just raw death count. It's dehumanizing. It makes warfare "too easy" and hides the real cost. It gives too much power to whoever makes drone-related decisions. It violates the rules of war.

These are all good points. But I can't help but think back to the old Less Wrong article If Many Worlds Had Come First. It's sort of about quantum mechanics, but it's also about the dangers of applying higher standards to later innovations than to entrenched conventional wisdom.

There are sometimes strong arguments for doing this. For example, doctors often prescribe older, apparently-worse drugs over newer, apparently-better drugs (especially in pregnancy) just because they feel like they already know the side effects of the older drugs whereas the newer drugs might have side effects that are yet to reveal themselves. This model certainly has implications for drone warfare: it looks good now, but we don't know the long-term effects.

Still, in the spirit of that Less Wrong article, I can't help but wonder what people would think if drone warfare had come first:

The scene is the Oval Office. Three of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, GENERAL HAWKE, GENERAL STEELE, and GENERAL RIPPER, are meeting with THE PRESIDENT. The meeting has been a long and exhausting discussion of drone strikes, and they are reaching the end.

PRESIDENT: I think we only have one more matter left to discuss. As you know, I have recently been worried about the moral cost of our drone war. So many lives lost. So many civilian casualties. I tasked DARPA with coming up with a new type of warfare, one which will end some of the troubling moral quandaries with which we are forced to wrestle every day. I believe General Ripper has been briefed on the results?

HAWKE: Mr. President, once again, I object to this pie-in-the-sky project. Drone warfare was good enough for our ancestors and it is good enough for us. The Romans used surgically precise ballista strikes to assassinate Hannibal without harming the Carthaginian populace. Abraham Lincoln used guided hot-air balloons to knock out top Confederate officials and keep this country united. Literally hundreds of people died in World War I before the British were finally able to kill Kaiser Wilhelm with a carefully-aimed zeppelin. To abandon drone warfare now for some untested new project would be an insult to their memory!

PRESIDENT: General Hawke, I appreciate your concerns, and I promise I will not be overly hasty to embrace these new ideas. But I'd like to hear what General Ripper has to say.

RIPPER: (interjecting) Guys!...Guys! Guys, listen! This is going to be so awesome. Listen to this! We take hundreds of thousands of people...guys, listen!...we take hundreds of thousands of people, give them really really really powerful automatic weapons...this is going to be so awesome...we take hundreds of thousands of people and give them really powerful automatic weapons and put them on planes and give them parachutes and drop them into our enemies' cities and then they just start shooting everything BLAM BLAM BLAM until our enemies run away and we're like HA HA HA HA HA THIS IS OUR CITY NOW and then we win!

STEELE: What the hell, Ripper?

RIPPER: No, listen, this will totally work! We take hundreds of thousands of people. We can use young kids and poor people and minorities, because we don't have to pay them as much. And then we give them really really big weapons. Like, not just the kinds of guns hunters use. Not even the kind of guns we give police. Guns that just NEVER STOP SHOOTING BULLETS! You can just swing them in a big arc and it will leave an arc of bullets everywhere and anyone anywhere in that arc will be dead! It will be SO AWESOME!

HAWKE: Ripper, are you mad?

RIPPER: Guys, think about it! You're Ayatollah Sistani, or Mullah Omar, or one of those motherf@*kers. You're having breakfast in your house one day when WHAM! A hundred thousand American teenagers and minorities RIGHT IN YOUR CITY with guns that never stop shooting bullets! There are bullet holes in your walls and in your gardens and now they're shooting your water supply and your power plant and everything. Do you think you're going to keep having your f@*king breakfast? Or do you think you're going to start waving an American flag and get on board with American policies like, right away?

PRESIDENT: General Ripper, frankly your idea seems at best ill-advised! Just to take one of many objections, we'll never be able to gather a hundred thousand Americans in secret. Ayatollah Sistani will hear about our plan long before we can surprise him.

RIPPER: And what could that motherf@*ker do about it?

STEELE: Well, he could get some Iranian teenagers and minorities, give them these super-guns of yours, and have them lie in wait for our teenagers and minorities outside his house.

RIPPER: Oh my god that would be so awesome! Because we have more technology, so we could have better guns than they do! And we're richer than they are, so we could hire more teenagers and minorities! Right? RIGHT? So everyone would be like BLAM BLAM BLAM with their super-guns and there would be this huge fight and in the end we would win and get that sunavab*tch anyway!

PRESIDENT: (horrified) You realize what you're suggesting is the deaths of dozens of Americans and Iranians, right? Maybe even hundreds!

RIPPER: No, look. It would be okay. Listen to this. We would come up...we would come up with this new philosophy where once a teenager or minority got a super-powerful gun from our enemies, it would be okay if we killed them. Because if we didn't kill them, they might use that gun to shoot us.

HAWKE: But they're only doing that because otherwise we would...I can't believe I have to say this...otherwise we would parachute teenagers with giant guns into their city to shoot the ayatollah.

RIPPER: I KNOW RIGHT? We're going to parachute teenagers with giant guns into their city to shoot the ayatollah! THEN EVERYTHING'S GOING TO GET BLOWN UP AND IT'S GOING TO BE SO COOL.

STEELE Everything...blown up?

RIPPER: Oh man I totally forgot this part! If we just have the super guns, people might hide inside buildings, right? And then we couldn't shoot them and then the ayatollah wouldn't have to agree to do everything we say. So...ohmigod you guys are going to love this...we take cars, right? And we cover them in armor and put giant caterpillar tracks on the bottom so they can drive over walls and sh*t. And then we put HUMONGOUS GUNS on top of the cars. Guns so big they can BLOW UP WHOLE BUILDINGS. And then we just KEEP BLOWING UP THE CITY until the Ayatollah agrees to do everything we want.

PRESIDENT: (to buzzer under desk, in a whisper) Uh, Secret Service? One of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has started acting really weird. Maybe you could stand outside the door and, uh, monitor the situation?

RIPPER: And then! And then we have these planes, right? And we arm them with lots of bombs, and we fly them over enemy cities, and...

HAWKE: Oh, thank goodness. You're starting to see sense and admit that the old ways of drone warfare are right after all.

RIPPER: No, it would be totally different! Because, get this! There would be people in these planes! We'd train them at special schools and whirl them around in centrifuge until they were able to work at 5 g-forces without passing out. Whirl! Whirl! Whirl! And sometimes they'd bomb our enemies, and sometimes our enemies would shoot them down and they'd get captured and we'd have to send in special teams of super-spies to rescue them before they got tortured and told our enemies everything they know!

STEELE That's...horrible!

RIPPER: And instead of trying to only target high-profile enemy leaders? We'd have a special rule that they couldn't target high-profile enemy leaders! They would have to hit power plants and dams and weapons factories and...

PRESIDENT: Weapons factories? Wouldn't those explode if bombed?

RIPPER: OH yeah. HUGE explosion! BOOM! And then when everything had been destroyed from the air, we could send in our hundred thousand teenagers with super guns and they could send in their hundred thousand teenagers with super guns, and we could send in our cars covered in metal with caterpillar treads and they could send in their cars covered in metal in caterpillar treads and then it would be all BLAM BLAM BLAM for WEEKS AND WEEKS and we win would because we would both kill each other and destroy each other's cars but we're bigger so we would have more of them and the Ayatollah would have to agree to do everything we say.

STEELE What if he doesn't?

RIPPER: We could kick him out, and say okay, city, you're part of America now! You're following American laws! You fly the American flag! And then America would be even bigger! And we could take their stuff too, like if there was any oil in the city, then it would be our oil!

PRESIDENT: General Ripper, this is highly unorthodox but I am going to have to relieve you of command effective immediately. This so-called "plan" of DARPA and yourself appears to be no more than the rantings of a deranged and homicidal lunatic. Your request to further develop this new type of warfare is completely denied, and honestly you seem to have so little regard for human life or the rules of warfare that I do not want you anywhere near our nation's drone fleet.

STEELE: Wait, I just realized something. Maybe this isn't about having little regard for human life. Maybe it could even help preserve human life?

PRESIDENT: (skeptically) What do you mean?

STEELE: Think about it. Nowadays, our drone controllers plan strikes from the safety of the Pentagon, never knowing the horrors of warfare, never seeing their victims as real people. But imagine what would happen if we did war Ripper's way?

HAWKE: What would happen?

STEELE: All our teenagers and minorities would see the looks on the faces of their victims as they got shot. Reporters would go into the cities and televise the devastation that our cars with armor and humongous guns had caused. People would come back traumatized, and we'd see them and understand their trauma and with it the trauma of warfare.

PRESIDENT: And?

STEELE: And we'd only need to do it once. Think of the hundreds of people who died in World War I, Mr. President. Think about the waste. If we had done things Ripper's way, the Allies would have encountered the Germans. They would have realized they were human beings just like them. The people in the capitals would have had to think twice about sending their young men off to die just because they wanted to play stupid games with the balance of power. And they would have thought twice. They would have said "No, this is horrible". Instead of those hundreds of zeppelin-related casualties, we would have had both sides pull back from the brink of war, and join together in their common humanity. It would have been a War to End Wars.

HAWKE: It would never have happened that way.

STEELE: No, perhaps not. Perhaps we should go on with our drone strikes as usual. Keep killing hundreds of people. But perhaps one day we will regret not taking hundreds of thousands of teenagers from disadvantaged backgrounds, arming them with guns, parachuting them into our enemies' cities, and having them shoot things until our enemies agree to do whatever we say. Maybe it will end up being the only truly virtuous mode of warfare, the only one that preserves our inherent humanity.

PRESIDENT: (to buzzer under desk, in a whisper) Yes, I'm sorry, the Joint Chiefs of Staff seem to have gone insane. Would you mind terribly coming in and escorting them out?

The Secret Service comes in and escorts the Joint Chiefs of Staff out. The President sighs and starts taking care of some paperwork. A few minutes later, MS. WELLS, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, comes in.

WELLS: Mr. President? I'm sorry to disturb you, but a question has come up. I know you authorized free health care for everyone in the nation, but the doctors are wondering whether it's okay if they buy examination tables made of solid gold. Something about it 'adding a touch of class to the clinic'.

PRESIDENT: Sure. Tell them to go ahead. We have more tax money than we know what to do with these days anyway.
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The Girl Who Poked God With A Stick [Oct. 19th, 2012|04:13 pm]
Scott
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Crest of House Morimoto, granted by God-Emperor Los II in 1795 ASC


Maria Morimoto's childhood memories are backed up in a data center in an out-of-the-way district of Wave Manifold. They are locked behind a theoretically unbreakable layer of encryption, for which the password is "taatsattboefeohtraotcstu". She remembers it because it is the first letter of each word in the motto on her family crest, as well as because her brain is a computer made of exotic matter with a memory capacity trillions of times more than of all the world's silicon computers combined.

If she were really security-conscious, of course, she would use something much stronger. But she likes the thought that a sufficiently smart person could guess her password and see what she was like as a child. She always did have a mischievous streak.

Maria was born in Much Rejoicing, a sanct of ten thousand souls on a platform in the middle of the Straylight Sea. Dante McCallavre had built it centuries ago at a natural weakness in the telluric field that mysteriously limited technological potential. Since then it had paid for itself many times over, as companies and laboratories who hit the telluric barrier in their mainland facilities looked to relocate somewhere more permissive. By the time of Maria's birth a dozen similar facilities had been built in the oceans surrounding Sxiro, some at even more advantageous spots: Discontinuity was rumored to be the most hypotelluric location in the western hemisphere, though of course scientists differed on the exact measurement protocols. But there was always more demand for hypotelluric land than the platforms could supply, and so Much Rejoicing was both fantastically wealthy and crowded beyond anything a mainlander could imagine.

It was not a good place to be a child. There were no playgrounds, no green growing things. Maria spent most of her time studying. Everyone in Much Rejoicing was very smart, an employee at a hi-tech conglomerate or an employee's family members. Maria decided at age four that she was smarter than anyone, and never encountered any evidence that made her change her mind. When she could not study another minute, she would play pranks on the maintenance workers, or sit on the edge of the platform and stare into the deep blue waters below.

A prank gone wrong. A transport tube switched from "stop" to "go". An inspector dunked in the ocean, all drenched and silly-looking as he waved his arms. A rare failure of the automated life preserver system, a waterlogged body drawn from the depths a few days later. A few hours of frantic hacking, covering up her access to the transport system. Maria remembers none of this, though it is all there in the data center.

At age sixteen she decided she would be a biochemist, and became the third-youngest student ever accepted to John Metzler University in the great imperial city of Sxiroheim. The capital was strange to her. She had known in theory of the world off the platforms, but as she stared at the lush parks and wide boulevards she realized she had never understood how big and empty the world could be. Every so often she idly wondered what she would fill it all with, when the time came.

She was there for the great telluric shift that struck the capital during the reign of God-Emperor Grifos. The electric trains were mothballed and replaced by steam engines; the cars and trucks relegated to huge lots in the suburbs and replaced with horses imported from Goldenmoon or Riverrun. During the worst days, the electric light in her room would flicker off, and she would study epigenetics by candlelight.

The priests would leave the Multi-Temple in those days and wander around the city, preaching God's punishment upon the people for their sins. But if the telluric shift was God's punishment, what of the telluric field itself? By what authority did God fix a ceiling beyond which the human race could not progress?

When Maria looks back on her life, she finds this is the first time it crosses her mind, even in idle daydreams, to ask whether it was possible to kill God and steal His power.

When she graduated university she returned to the platforms, picking up a pharmaceutical job on Deep Trouble. The project was ambitious: Amara Pharmaceuticals was working on a cure for death. They were hoping to develop a retrovirus that would introduce a custom-engineered strand of DNA that prevented normal aging, but things kept going wrong. A few people blamed the tellurics, and the project briefly relocated to Discontinuity in hopes of a more favorable result, but they fared no better and eventually moved back to Deep Trouble. It was during the chaos of the second move that Maria accidentally needlesticked herself; pricked herself with a syringe containing experimental materials. She was monitored for a few weeks with no special result, and her superiors assured her there would be no harm in accidentally infecting herself with a virus that didn't work.

Her life settled into a sort of routine. She worked for Amara five years, until they closed the immortality project in disgust, then got a teaching position in Discontinuity for which she was overqualified. She occupied her time learning some of the fields she had previously neglected - history, literature, even some art - and returned to her childhood habit of playing tricks, mostly on her students and lab assistants. Even then, in the years she would remember as the most boring of her life, she kept her mischevious streak.

Those years of boredom ended with a compliment from a sort-of boyfriend she had been dating half-heartedly: "You look amazing for a thirty-two year old." Unlike most of her casual lies, she remembered this one: on a lark, she had claimed to be twenty-nine when they had met three years ago. She was actually forty-three.

Come to think of it, she did look amazing. A few weeks in the lab confirmed her suspicion: she was infected with an active form of the immortality virus. She thought about contacting Amara Pharmaceuticals for exactly zero seconds. Instead she invested most of her savings in very-long-term bonds and downloaded some books on how to get a fake identity. A month later she flew to Goldenmoon, the most hypotelluric you could get without leaving Sxiro, and told them she had lost her birth certificate. An easily bribed village elder later, she had a fancy piece of parchment confirming her completely fictitious identity as a nineteen year old girl. If the infection dated from her needlestick she was biologically twenty-three, but the younger she made herself the longer it would be before she had to repeat the process.

For her second life she chose Pohjankaupunki, a sanct only about a hundred miles off the coast of Iardix. Bored with the idea of another lifetime of biochem, she reinvented herself as a hacker, learning programming and eventually getting a job in C.O.S.A.C.'s cybersecurity division. In her free time, she amused herself by day-trading and by hacking Amara Pharmaceuticals and causing them to lose all their backup data from the immortality drug in an "unavoidable accident". She was going to have so much fun and she didn't want some boring stuffy corporation to ruin it with a fortuitious discovery.

Another trip to Goldenmoon; luckily the village elder's son was as corrupt as his father had been. This time she went to Audente, the first city in the world, the place where they had discovered technology. It was even bigger than Sxiroheim, and the tellurics were better, so that on a good day the maglev could bring her anywhere in the city in minutes. She spent this particular lifetime as a courtesan on the even-numbered days and a naval engineer on odd-numbered ones. The incongruity amused her. They say she helped develop the basic design for the Queen of Night's Repentant Children for the great admiral Rahanorion-nomai in a single afternoon, then had wild sex with her the next day.

Another trip to Goldenmoon; the village elder's grandson had developed a remarkable case of honesty, forcing her to take an eight mile detour by ox-cart to the village next door. She was now a hundred twenty years old but continued to look twenty-three. She settled in Nafticon but her attempts to become a fighter pilot were cut short by the news - still considered an amusing cosmetic oddity rather than a significant scientific anomaly - that there was a small cadre of men and women in Audente who had apparently been blessed with youthful good looks well into their middle age. Hijacking an Antican genetics lab, Maria confirmed her suspicion: the active immortality virus was sexually transmitted. After considering her options, she went with the most exciting: she withdrew some of her quickly-growing fortune in long-term bonds, acquired some very specific and highly illegal training from the Atterans, moved back to Audente, and gradually assassinated everyone she had ever slept with. She found it was more interesting than naval engineering and more fun than sex. To put the finishing touch on her security, she bought out Amara Pharmaceuticals, mothballed the entire genetics division, and switched their product line to focus entirely on hair care. To her amusement, profits doubled.

Another trip to Goldenmoon. Although she now realized she was lacking some kind of important morality gene, it might have been some inner loathing, some desire for self-annhilation, that drove her to Brzgrad to study tellurology. Everyone agreed that it was only a superstition that tellurologists always died early and highly irregular deaths. It was just a superstition that occurred independently across every known culture; one so widely believed no insurance company in the world would sell a policy to a tellurologist. And yet Maria flew across the sea to Brzgrad to study with Stjepan Ekarovic, the acknowledged expert in the field, and worked beside him for two years until his death by falling debris during a freak tornado. When none of his other students appeared eager to continue his research, Maria volunteered for the job.

No one knew exactly what the telluric field was. It had existed at least since written history began two thousand years ago in Audente. No one thought it was natural: no natural force could have quite the precision to snipe technology while leaving biological and natural processes completely untouched. And then there was the astoundingly high mortality rate in the tellurological professions, as if it were actively trying to avoid being studied.

But who had built such a thing? Maria was well aware her civilization had not been the first to exist upon the world. There was an archipelago of floating islands in the southern hemisphere; the largest was about two hundred miles across and hung suspended some two miles above the sea. Somebody must have put them there. But it was hard to believe any civilization, even one capable of hanging islands from the sky like pearls from a necklace, could have created the field. Most people said, reasonably enough, that God had done it. Some said the telluric field was God.

Maria spent a hundred years in Brzgrad, longest she'd ever stayed in one place. During that period, she made exactly one original discovery, which was that she ruined any telluric experiment she touched. At first she thought it was uncommon clumsiness. Finally she decided it was something more interesting. Her body negated that telluric field. No one else she studied had this effect, and the phenomenon proved totally resistant to study. Her memories record stimulant-fueled weeks of experiments, followed by periods of miserable withdrawal, cursing God and science alike. When she smashed up a room of priceless equipment in a rage, she gave up and returned to Discontuinity in disgust.

These were the early years of God-Emperor Los II, and they were years of boredom and frustration for Maria. Her studies had been a failure; her murders, which bothered her in waking life not at all, nevertheless darkened her dreams. She began trying to take over the world, almost for lack of any pastime. By now her investments had matured, and with them she bought a crest and noble title, becoming the Countess of Discontinuity. She found the rest of the nobility to be either pompous fools or self-important businessmen, and within a generation she had become a Duchess. Within two, her "daughter and heir" had won a Praetorship. The stories about her relationship with God-Emperor Ari i Ly'Technomaezj Kaukainen are extraordinarily garbled, but it seems beyond doubt that she seduced him (or vice versa?) at least once. But that was the apex of her political career. Something, perhaps having no higher to climb, perhaps some clue she garnered from one of the mystery cults surrounding the God-Emperor, drove her from Sxiroheim. She returned to Discontinuity and began studied tellurology with renewed vigor.

After less than a year, she realized what should have been obvious from the beginning: her equations had failed because she had simply assumed that there was only one telluric field. There were two of them, weakly interacting with each other. The first telluric field perfectly predicted the behavior of technology. The second did...what?

It was around this time she started taking more seriously the old stories of magic and witchcraft. There had always been legends - of So-Sara, of Til Iosophrang - but she had always assumed they were just legends. She had always thought, like most Sxirans, that the Gralans' reports of their own magic just proved they were superstitious and easily deluded. A quick visit to Skoitamashu convinced her otherwise. Their powers were minor, useful only to delight the easily impressed - but they were not trickery.

The first telluric field limited technology. The second telluric field limited magic. The Sxirans had always assumed magic didn't exist. The evidence said it didn't exist now, at least not outside limited hypodeuterotelluric pockets. The nadir of the first telluric field was Discontinuity. The nadir of the second was...where?

Maria built a new sanct, Full Circle, upon a placid stretch of black water of ill reputation among sailors. There she founded Amara Advanced Projects, bringing together the researchers she had rescued from a life designing hair care products with magic users she recruited from Skoitamashu. There she began translating the old texts engraved on abalone shells that sometimes washed up on the beaches near Sara-Nyl. And there, for the first time, someone outside the old So-Saran mystery cults discovered technomagic, the practice of building machines that oscillate between technological and magical components at the resonant frequency of the telluric fields. And so it was at Full Circle that Maria Morimoto developed the holy grail: atelluric components that allowed arbitrary levels of technological advancement.

Everyone had always known that subversion of the telluric fields would lead to a technological singularity within a hundred years. Maria did it in sixty. During the second year of the reign of God-Emperor Mors VI, she uploaded her brain to a computer of exotic matter, folded Full Circle into a pocket dimension, and became a goddess.

In retrospect she agrees she may have gone overboard, in those early days of divinity. She always did have a mischievous streak. Turning the God-Emperor into a chicken was hilarious at the time, but when Eluin used it as an excuse to revolt, the entire Sxiran Empire was plunged into half a century of civil war.

Worse, God had done nothing. She had expected that her newfound divinity would, if nothing else, be sufficient to finally get a good view of her enemy, but there was nothing. She started acting ever more outrageously in the hope of provoking some, any response that proved He was there and watching her. She had been sure that creating Cibola would catch His attention, but even the overnight appearance of an entirely new continent had failed to cause any sort of divine action.

So she decided to poke God with a stick and see what happened.

In the twentieth year of the reign of God-Emperor Reynardine II, she hacked into the telluric field. She met no resistance. Her divine technomagic cut through it as if it were warm butter. It fell into her lap. At age three thousand ninety, she held complete power over the telluric field covering the planet. She wondered whether the field's creators abandoned it, just as the flying islands in the south had been abandoned. Or whether God had grown so tired of His responsibility that He was all too happy to hand it over to the first person willing to accept it, whether He was glad to get the field off His hands.

So Maria destroyed the world. Partly it was to see what would happen. Partly it was to provoke some kind of response from God. But mostly it was to see if she could do better, create something where the telluric fields promoted rather than inhibited human potential, something without all the war and suffering and overwhelming boredom.

And she failed. Failed completely. Omi Oitherion, her chosen Messiah, went insane a few years into the process and bungled his role. Every time she tried to intervene, people became dependent on her and blamed her when things went wrong. Every time she didn't intervene, nations died, families died, people died, and they all died cursing her name. Without the telluric field to stop them, various idiots started their own singularities and made her expend a constant proportion of her energy fighting off deranged godlings. It became so bad that she consigned Pelagia, her new world, her chosen utopia, to the flames and rebooted the old world from backup copies.

She could almost kiss it. The grim walls of Sxiroheim, the shining towers of Raikoth, even the filth-strewn ziggurats of Kamalshahr. She resolves to be a better goddess from now on, and starts playing a new game. A game of doing the most with the slightest effort. A whisper here, a leaf falling there slightly out of turn. Can she prevent a war? Overthrow a despot? Even with her immense computational power, the challenge is fiendishly difficult. But it pays off; the fumbling disasters of earlier years decrease and eventually disappear. For the first time, she starts feeling almost content. She will have many millennia to fill the empty spaces, one falling sparrow at a time.

Her contentment lasted about a month until she took the obvious next step and started monitoring whispers and leaves and sparrows. Slight but statistically significant anomalies. How many layers of gods were there above her? How old were they? How long had they had to perfect their craft? She started obsessively monitoring the exotic-matter circuitry that forms her brain. Several particles were out of place. As soon as she began monitoring, the deviations disappeared, at least as far as she could observe. But how much was going on beneath the Planck barrier, invisible to her merely divine senses?

Grim determination renewed, she decided she needed more power. She left Full Circle for Nelaga, the largest of the flying islands, where she spent fifty years, obsessively trying to puzzle out its secrets. In its hidden heart she found technomagical engines similar to her own but light-years years more advanced. At a glance she grasped the outline of their structure. She could not make technomagic like this, not yet. But she had an idea what it could do.

Suspend gravity. Break the Planck barrier. Warp space. Pass the speed of light. Go backward in time. Go backward in time.

There inside Nelaga, she started to get a sinking feeling that she knew who created the telluric force, and why. It would explain a lot. Why she negates telluric fields. Why she was the only person the immortality virus could touch. Why she was allowed to study tellurology without incident. Why no one resisted her hostile takeover of the universe. Who keeps meddling with her. Who founded the So-Saran mystery cults. Why the technomagical engines in the flying islands look so similar to her own.

How much of the history of civilization has been her colossal prank on her past self? She would like to think that the universe has been something more than her attempt to drive away boredom, something more than her own private causal loop, but she sees no evidence for this hypothesis. And she always did have that mischievous streak...

Acknowledgements: ari_rahikkala and very many others for the decade or so collaborative story-telling that created the world of which this is a loosely adapted and non-canonical part.
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Clarity didn't work, trying mysterianism [Oct. 3rd, 2012|02:29 pm]
Scott
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In the treasure-vaults of Til Iosophrang rests the Whispering Earring, buried deep beneath a heap of gold where it can do no further harm.

The earring is a little topaz tetrahedron dangling from a thin gold wire. When worn, it whispers in the wearer's ear: "Better for you if you take me off." If the wearer ignores the advice, it never again repeats that particular suggestion.

After that, when the wearer is making a decision the earring whispers its advice, always of the form "Better for you if you...". The earring is always right. It does not always give the best advice possible in a situation. It will not necessarily make its wearer King, or help her solve the miseries of the world. But its advice is always better than what the wearer would have come up with on her own.

It is not a taskmaster, telling you what to do in order to achieve some foreign goal. It always tells you what will make you happiest. If it would make you happiest to succeed at your work, it will tell you how best to complete it. If it would make you happiest to do a half-assed job at your work and then go home and spend the rest of the day in bed having vague sexual fantasies, the earring will tell you to do that. The earring is never wrong.

The Book of Dark Waves gives the histories of two hundred seventy four people who previously wore the Whispering Earring. There are no recorded cases of a wearer regretting following the earring's advice, and there are no recorded cases of a wearer not regretting disobeying the earring. The earring is always right.

The earring begins by only offering advice on major life decisions. However, as it gets to know a wearer, it becomes more gregarious, and will offer advice on everything from what time to go to sleep, to what to eat for breakfast. If you take its advice, you will find that breakfast food really hit the spot, that it was exactly what you wanted for breakfast that day even though you didn't know it yourself. The earring is never wrong.

As it gets completely comfortable with its wearer, it begins speaking in its native language, a series of high-bandwidth hisses and clicks that correspond to individual muscle movements. At first this speech is alien and disconcerting, but by the magic of the earring it begins to make more and more sense. No longer are the earring's commands momentous on the level of "Become a soldier". No more are they even simple on the level of "Have bread for breakfast". Now they are more like "Contract your biceps muscle about thirty-five percent of the way" or "Articulate the letter p". The earring is always right. This muscle movement will no doubt be part of a supernaturally effective plan toward achieving whatever your goals at that moment may be.

Soon, reinforcement and habit-formation have done their trick. The connection between the hisses and clicks of the earring and the movements of the muscles have become instinctual, no more conscious than the reflex of jumping when someone hidden gives a loud shout behind you.

At this point no further change occurs in the behavior of the earring. The wearer lives an abnormally successful life, usually ending out as a rich and much-beloved pillar of the community with a large and happy family.

When Kadmi Rachumion came to Til Iosophrang, he took an unusual interest in the case of the earring. First, he confirmed from the records and the testimony of all living wearers that the earring's first suggestion was always that the earring itself be removed. Second, he spent some time questioning the Priests of Beauty, who eventually admitted that when the corpses of the wearers were being prepared for burial, it was noted that their brains were curiously deformed: the neocortexes had wasted away, and the bulk of their mass was an abnormally hypertrophied mid- and lower-brain, especially the parts associated with reflexive action.

Finally, Kadmi-nomai asked the High Priest of Joy in Til Iosophrang for the earring, which he was given. After cutting a hole in his own earlobe with the tip of the Piercing Star, he donned the earring and conversed with it for two hours, asking various questions in Kalas, in Kadhamic, and in its own language. Finally he removed the artifact and recommended that the it be locked in the deepest and most inaccessible parts of the treasure vaults, a suggestion with which the Iosophrelin decided to comply.

Niderion-nomai's commentary: It is well that we are so foolish, or what little freedom we have would be wasted on us. It is for this that Book of Cold Rain says one must never take the shortest path between two points.
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The Last Temptation of Christ [Aug. 25th, 2012|01:39 am]
Scott
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Jesus was led by the Spirit into the desert, where he was tempted by the Devil. After various lesser trials and temptations, the Devil led Jesus to the top of an exceedingly high mountain and showed him all the kingdoms of the world. And they stood there together, gazing upon the vista below.

"Behold," said Satan, mostly to break the awkward silence. "all the kingdoms of the world."

"They're very nice," said Jesus.

Satan's features - still faintly angelic - formed into a pout. "Really?" he asked. "Because I worked so hard corrupting them and turning them against one another, and..."

"No," said Jesus. "Not like that. I was just trying to be polite, really. They're teeming with sin and abomination."

Satan beamed. Some more awkward silence.

"So," said Jesus. "Is this the point at which you offer me lordship over all these kingdoms, if I only I bow down and worship you?"

"Nah," said Satan. "Like I said, they're kind of crappy. I'm here to tempt you, not insult you. I was planning something more interesting."

He waved his hand over the panorama, and it expanded in a hard-to-describe way. The three-dimensional view became four-dimensional; the vista became a manifold.

"Behold," said Satan again, "all the kingdoms of the world. Now and forever. Before you, the entire scope of history."

Jesus hesitated, not really sure what the polite response would be.

"You could at least smile!" said Satan. "Look! These people love you!"

Sure enough, it was true. Many of the kingdoms before them were Christian, building great cathedrals and writing beautiful works of theology in Jesus' name. Among the remainder, many were Muslim, revering him as one of the greatest of prophets.

"It's pretty encouraging," Jesus agreed. "So what's the catch?"

"Always the catch with you people," said Satan. "Well, if you insist. Take a look particularly at the psychiatric hospitals."

Jesus gazed through the manifold, where ten thousand psychiatric hospitals presented themselves simultaneously to his elevated senses.

"As you notice," said Satan "your popularity has had some fascinating side effects. In particular, a pretty good proportion of psychotics, sometime in their illness, think that they're you. I don't think either of us wants to sit here counting them all, but could we agree on a hundred thousand as a conservative estimate?"

"A hundred thousand psychotics who believe themselves to be Jesus Christ, across the entire scope of world history," agreed Jesus. "Sounds reasonable."

"And it's a pretty strong delusion," the Devil went on. "They'd dismiss the contention that they're not you with barely a second thought. Whatever their reasoning processes are, they seem to be bent in on themselves somehow so that they always affirm the conclusion."

"It's very sad," Jesus said. "I hope my Father in Heaven will have mercy upon them."

"That's not what we're here to talk about," said the Devil. "What I'm really interested in is this - given a randomly chosen person who's absolutely certain he's Jesus, what's the probability that he is, in fact, Jesus?"

"Well," Jesus answered "There are a hundred thousand psychotics who believe themselves to be Jesus, and only one real Jesus. So by Bayes' Theorem, we calculate that believing one's self to be Jesus gives one only about a one in one hundred thousand chance that one is actually Jesus."

"Your reasoning is impeccable," said Satan. "So, what is the probability that you're actually Jesus?"

"What?" asked Jesus.

"You are an individual with a certain amount of evidence that you are Jesus. Specifically, you believe yourself to be him. You have various experiences which your reason tells you are consistent with being Jesus, like memories of your mother Mary and so on, but these seem like the sort of thing a damaged intellect could create to support a delusion. You previously determined that a randomly selected person with the belief that he is Jesus has a 1/100,000 chance of being Jesus and a 99,999/100,000 chance of being a psychotic. So, Mr. Person With The Belief That He Is Jesus, do you think those numbers apply to you?"

Jesus thought for a moment. "I'm not a psychotic," he said. "I think I would know if I were psychotic. I'd have all sorts of symptoms. Hallucinations. Confusion."

"You know what the number one hallucination reported by psychotic patients is?" Satan asked.

Jesus thought for a moment. "What?"

"The Devil," said the Devil.

"Oh, that's just unfair," Jesus told him.

"Usually they report he's trying to tempt them to do self-destructive things. You know, like jump off tall buildings. Remind me what we were doing earlier today?"

"You set that up to confuse me," said Jesus.

"And you mentioned confusion. Tell me, where are we right now?"

"An exceedingly high mountain," Jesus answered.

"Which one, exactly? Because the tallest mountain in Israel is a bit under four thousand feet. That's hardly see-all-the-kingdoms-of-the-world height. Are you even sure what country we're in right now? And, uh, last time I checked I'm almost certain the world was a sphere. So what particular mountain do you think we're on that allows us to see all the kingdoms of the world?"

"Uh, well, there are no kingdoms in the Western Hemisphere at this point in history..." suggested Jesus.

"Wrong!" said Satan. "Zapotecs and Mochica! You don't know where you are, you don't know how you got here, and you don't know how you're seeing what you're seeing."

"You took me here," Jesus countered. "I assume you used some sort of devil-magic or something. I didn't watch where we were going."

"Oh please," said Satan. "Outside View! In general, when someone says the only reason they don't know what country they're in is because the Devil is magically clouding their mind, does that make them more or less likely to be mentally ill?"

"Mrhghn," grumbled Jesus.

"So let's recap. You believe yourself to be Jesus. You admit that you have been seeing the Devil, and that he commands you to jump off buildings, a command you resist only with great difficulty. You don't know where you are or how you got there, and your only weak explanation is that malevolent demons magically transported you there and meddled with your mind so you don't remember it. Using the Outside View, what is the probability that you are even remotely sane?"

"Look," said Jesus. "Could you just tell me what the temptation is already?"

Satan waved his hand, and a syringe materialized within it. "5 mg haloperidol, IM" he told him.

Jesus looked at the Devil. He looked at the syringe. He looked at All The Kingdoms Of The World. He looked back at the Devil. His brow furrowed in thought. He looked at the syringe again.

Then his eyes shone as the Holy Spirit flowed through him. His indecision vanished. "Your lies have no power over me, demon," he told his tormentor.

"Please calm down," said Satan, only now he spoke with the voice of a middle-aged woman. "We're just trying to help you, Mr. Anderson. Please just hold still and let me give you your medication."

"Get thee behind me, Satan!" shouted the Christ, and he pushed the Devil off the mountain. Satan screamed as he plummeted, screamed with a woman's voice, until he vanished from sight in the depths below.
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Against dystopias, pt 1 [Feb. 5th, 2012|11:14 pm]
Scott
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After a recent discussion with a friend who really likes dystopian literature, I have decided I really hate dystopian literature. And here I'm not really talking about 1984-style giving-all-power-to-an-evil-tyrannical-government might-be-a-bad-idea literature. I'm talking about the kind where everything seems pretty nice until you realize everyone is the exact same height and gets raised by nurturebots.

It's not just that I hate it as literature. I mean, I do hate it as literature, and most dystopian books are about as creative and original as their genetically-engineered, identical-looking characters with names like John-140551 or Mary-20612. I hate it as pseudo-philosophy, the kind of thing that makes arguments which the average person would normally see through with five seconds' thought suddenly appear deep and profound, just by sticking them in novel format and making sure they challenge exactly zero of their readers' preconceptions.

The underlying moral of all dystopian fiction is that radical attempts to improve society using science and reason will in fact create horrible societies that lack everything good about being human. Anyone familiar with the Straw Vulcan trope - the idea that anyone who's good at science or analytical thought must speak in a monotone all the time, condemn music and humor and love as "illogical", and suggest improving efficiency 28% by killing puppies since they have no productive function - will recognize dystopian literature as basically Straw Vulcanism as applied to cultures rather than individuals.

And of course Straw Vulcanism is bunk - there's no logical proof that enjoying music is wrong, and there are plenty of logical arguments that if something makes you happy, you should do it. If I had to guess where the trope came from, it would be that scientists and logical people tend to seem unreasonably interested in things that can be quantified - like joules of energy, grams of sodium, billions of dollars of debt, and number of shoes produced per worker - but only because these are easy to analyze. But moving from "these things are easiest to analyze" to "and therefore analytical people will loathe everything else" makes about as much sense as expecting geometers to denounce everything not perfectly spherical, or physicists to hatch a plot to expel Earth's atmosphere into space and eliminate air resistance. Not only is it needlessly supervillainish, but it's utterly against the scientific spirit: good scientists know that when their theories can't explain the data it's time to devise better theories, not to denounce the data as "irrational". And great scientists tend to appreciate the principle Einstein called "make things as simple as possible, but no simpler."



But dystopian fiction also goes beyond this basic Straw Vulcanism. There's a much more active antipathy not just for logical people, but for logic itself; a feeling that anything which has been logically "optimized" is unclean, has necessarily lost whatever elements make it pure and good and human . Probably the best metaphor for this viewpoint since Frankenstein was Burgess' idea of "a clockwork orange", which he described as "an organic entity, full of juice and sweetness and agreeable odour, being turned into a mechanism".

And A Clockwork Orange is also the best example of how this kind of thinking lacks real substance. Recall the story: Alex, a violent criminal, is sentenced to prison after raping two ten-year-old girls and killing an old woman. There he undergoes a form of psychiatric conditioning called the Ludovico Technique. He is released from prison, and the technique successfully makes him unable to commit any more violent acts. But the conditioning also removes his ability to stand up for himself, and his ability to enjoy classical music. He now gets constantly abused and tortured, and his previous only source of solace, the music he loved, is removed from him, turning him into a pitiful husk of a human being. Finally, he manages to get the conditioning reversed, and becomes a normal nonviolent citizen of his own free will.

I don't want to be too hard on Burgess here, because he is a little better at being fair to both sides than some of his counterparts. But let's face it: the only reason there even are two sides is because he made his anti-violence conditioning also remove ability to enjoy classical music. Which in terms of subtlety, is only one step above "as a side effect, using science gives you an overwhelming urge to drown kittens"

But there's no reason conditioning should destroy music appreciation, and you could condemn anything with the same brush. Against genetically engineered food? Write a book in which eating genetically engineered tomatoes induces a loathing for classical music. Don't like antibiotics? Write a book in which antibiotics destroy taste for Beethoven. Against homosexuality? Maybe people who have gay sex one too many times stop enjoying Mozart.

(actually, the problems here go much further. What happens to Alex without this conditioning? Life in prison? Electric chair? Are either of those remotely better than losing the ability to appreciate music, even if we do accept that ridiculous side effect? The book doesn't even claim to be making a coherent argument against its own conditioning technique; it just wants to make you vaguely uneasy about psychiatry)

It was (appropriately enough) in a paper on John Rawls that I first read the phrase "rigging a thought experiment". And that's exactly what's going on here. You set up a thought experiment - what would happen if instead of keeping criminals in prison for a decade or two, we could just delete the ability to be violent from their brains? And this is an interesting thought experiment, and one could go on in detail about the implications for free will and personal identity how those criminals think of themselves. The only problem is, at the end of all of that, some people might think "Well, if it would save people decades in prison where they usually get physically and sexually abused and turned into even worse criminals, and it would make them productive members of society and save the lives of their future victims, I guess I'm okay with the free will implications". So instead of touching on any of that, Burgess just makes the technology destroy music and joy and personality so we know it's evil.

This reminds me of a conversation I recently had with my dystopia-reading friend about one of her books:

ME: So how come all Earth's countries have been renamed things like FRA-113 and JAP-289?
HER: Because all world affairs are processed by computer.
ME: Yes, and?
HER: And the standardized word lengths and numbers make it easier for the computer to process. Because it's more efficient.
ME: Even if that's the most efficient form for computer processing, wouldn't it have been easier just to write a lookup table that tells the computer something like "France" --> FRA-113?
HER: Maybe, but this culture worships efficiency above all else.
ME: And in what world is it more efficient to force everyone in the world to change the name of every single country to an unpronouncable alphanumeric mishmash than to spend five minutes writing a lookup table??

Again, rigged thought experiment. A good thought experiment would explore the benefits and costs of turning over government to a computer. But that sounds hard, so just scare people by telling them OH NO YOU WOULD HAVE TO CHANGE THE NAME OF EVERY COUNTRY TO SOMETHING MORE COMPUTER PROCESSABLE! And replace your name with a number! Because goodness knows the World Government Supercomputer would have less complicated software than the spam mail I get every single day which has no problem addressing me by name. This is propaganda plain and simple: "Logic? But those are the people who will make you replace your name with a number! And kill your puppy to raise efficiency 28%!"

Aside from the no-more-music trope and the change-your-name-to-a-number trope (and the everyone-is-average-height trope; I seriously don't know what's up with that one) the other two bread-and-butter staples of dystopian literature are Bureaucrats (or Computers) Choose Your Job, and Bureaucrats (or Computers) Choose Who You Can Marry.

Here there was originally a long argument about why this, too, was a rigged thought experiment, but in order to cut back on verbiage I have replaced it with this comic:



If you take away banning music, changing people's names to numbers, and being told whom to marry, pretty much all that's left of these "dystopias" is the part where there's no war or violence or povery or disease. The failure of most readers to pick up on the importance of this point is probably worth an essay in itself.

But for now I would say that one of the things stopping us from eliminating war and violence and poverty and disease is that we've all been raised on novels and movies teaching us that anyone who tries to do so has sinister motives. That it's either a ploy, or that it will work perfectly but we'll all have to sacrifice our music and our non-numerical names in the process. In the process of writing my non-libertarian FAQ I came across a lot of this: the belief that anyone who says they want to get rid of world hunger or war is necessarily a bad person plotting against you.

But in reality, sometimes even the most dystopian ideas just plain work. Take vaccination programs. The government decides to force everyone to get injected with certain microorganisms as young children, because they believe it will "improve society". This sounds ten times more sinister than most of what dystopian novels dream up, and yet it just went and improved society (when was the last time one of your relatives died of smallpox?) and there were pretty much no adverse effects, almost as if it didn't even know life was supposed to be a morality play about the dangers of hubris and human meddling. It didn't even destroy people's ability to enjoy classical music!

Also, did you know that when in vitro fertilization first became a thing, there were lots of people who genuinely objected to the procedure on the grounds that test tube babies would have no souls? It sounds stupid now, but that's the sort of thing that you naturally believe if you grow up absorbing all these toxic dystopian fiction tropes. And when the first test tube babies were born, and turned out to be like everyone else and with their classical-music-appreciation abilities totally intact as far as anyone could tell, people mostly forgot about these stupid objections, which also shows exactly the right way to deal with this kind of thinking.

I think the next century is going to be full of interesting ways we can use science to improve individuals or societies. Some of these will have benefits worth their costs, others will on net raise too many ethical issues and not be worth it. I look forward to reasonable debate about these sorts of issues.

...which is exactly what we will not have if people keep reading and writing these novels with rigged thought experiments where as soon as we try to eliminate a disease or give children a decent education or stop killing each other, the result is that we all instantly lose ability to appreciate music and have to change our names to Agricultural-Technician-651.

One last confession to make: I hate the f@^$ing Giver. I hated it ever since I was forced to read it in fourth grade, and I hated my fourth grade classmates who were all like "Oh this changed my life it's so deep". I hate all the girls on OKCupid who when asked to list their favorite books say "Well I don't really read much but I read The Giver in fourth grade and it was such an inspiration". An inspiration for what? For wanting to keep society frozen in exactly the way that created your privileged little existence? Wow, that takes so. much. courage.
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Interview With The Frost Giant [Aug. 10th, 2011|08:20 pm]
Scott
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So describe for us what it's like to be a frost giant.

See, I think that's totally the wrong way to look at it. It's as if all of my experience is determined by this one unitary fact of being a frost giant, so that I can just take something from my life and say "Yeah, that's what frost giants are". Being a frost giant is a lot like being anything else. So I guess part of being a frost giant, part of what it's like to be a frost giant, is to know that other people are going to judge you just because you're a frost giant.

So you feel like you encounter a lot of discrimination?

Nothing too obvious. I mean, no one tries to beat me up or burn my house down. It's just the little things. Like people always assume that, just because I'm a frost giant, I must be part of the dread hell-legions of Niflheim. And I mean, yeah, sure, some frost giants are part of the dread hell-legions of Niflheim, but some white people are part of the dread hell-legions of Niflheim, and some black people, and some Mexican people. But if you saw a Mexican on the street, you wouldn't automatically assume he wanted to cover the world in an apocalypse of ice.

But you are a warrior in the dread hell-legions of Niflheim, aren't you?

Well, sure, I am. It's a decent job. And a lot of Jews are bankers, but that doesn't mean that you can assume every Jew you see is a banker and you'll never be wrong. There are frost giants in every occupation you can imagine. Teacher. Plumber. Manager. Nurse. Actor. Scientist.

Really?

Well, no, not nurse. Our icy touch is fatal to all but the mightiest of heroes. But the others? Sure. Tyler was a hedge fund manager.

Tyler?

My older brother. Does it surprise you that he's named Tyler, and not some more traditional name like Grimhavr or Skurjklas? My family has been in this country over a hundred years. We've assimilated along with everyone else. My grandfather on my mother's side is named Einvrehemir, but my mother is Susan, and my father is Paul.

What do you think are the biggest misconceptions about frost giants?

Well, most of the time when flesh midgets see us, they...

Sorry, flesh midgets?

Heh, my personal little joke. I mean, when you call us frost giants, it's like you're painting us as freaks, as if our only two interesting characteristics are being made of a different substance than you, and being of a different height than you. So when I call you flesh midgets, it's like - the boot is on the other foot, you know?

So do you consider the term 'frost giant' offensive?

Oh, no. I'm not one of those people. For a while, Tyler insisted on people saying 'ice-person of unusual stature', but that's such a mouthful. No, it might not be the best term, but it's the one people use. I just say 'flesh midget' to, like, raise awareness, make people think.

Anyway, I'm sorry. You were talking about the biggest misconceptions about frost giants.

Yeah. So most of the time when people see us, it's on a TV special about Ragnarok, or when we go door to door gathering toenails for the horrible corpse-boat Naglfar, or best case because one of us runs the local sno-cone stand. And so people only view us as apocalypse-bringers, or nail-boat-sailors, or sno-cone vendors, and not as fathers and mothers and co-workers and just normal people. Even in modern liberal society, when a TV show can have a black person or a Jewish person as a main character, the frost giant is pretty much always depicted as an axe-wielding servant of Niflheim trying to kill the Norse gods.

Well, black people and Jewish people still look more or less like everyone else. You're eighteen to twenty-five feet tall and made of solid ice.

As my mother used to say, it's not the size of the person that matters, it's the size of the heart.

Don't frost giants have ice instead of blood, and a shard of obsidian in their chest instead of a heart?

It's metaphorical. Heart is supposed to mean, like, your ability to care for other people.

And frost giants do care for other people. Tell us about some of the activism work that frost giants are involved in.

Oh, we're involved in pretty much every cause. Poverty, education, medical research, the environment, global warming...

Global warming?

I see where you're going with this. You want me to say that frost giants are disproportionately involved in the fight against global warming because we're made of ice, and so we have some sort of hokey "kinship" with the cold. Well, I hate to burst your bubble, but frost giants are involved in the fight against global warming for the same reason as people of all races and nationalities: because we live in a fragile world which is worth protecting.

But you do melt at temperatures greater than 46 degrees Fahrenheit.

Yeah. That was what happened to Tyler.

I think we're almost out of time here. Any final words?

Please don't title this something like "Interview With The Frost Giant". Title it "Interview With A Father of Three", or "Interview With Tyler's Younger Brother", or "Interview With The Chief Warrior of the Third Dread Legion of Niflheim", or anything that shows that I'm an individual, and not just a representative of some generic Other.

Thank you.

You're welcome.
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The Story of Emily and Control [Apr. 7th, 2011|12:15 am]
Scott
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There's an old joke about a statistician who had twins. She baptized one, and kept the other as a control. Laugh all you like. It'll never be funny to me. I know the true story.

Yes, that's right. It's a degenerate form of a true story. One that isn't funny at all. One that directly caused both of the worst experiences of my life. Yes, I knew them. So here's their story. Don't you dare laugh.

I first met Emily and Control in college. I was TAing a philosophy course; Control was one of my students. I noticed the name, of course, but this was California and I'd heard weirder; in any case it wasn't polite to mention such things. She proved a model student: bright, diligent, enthusiastic. Was I in love with her even then? Maybe.

The next semester I found myself living in a new building, and when I went to meet the neighbors I spotted Control two doors down from me. I went over to say hello; she didn't recognize me and after a brief confusion admitted she was not Control, but her sister Emily. The two were clearly identical twins - the same meticulously styled long straw-blond hair, the same beautiful smile - even their styles of clothing were alike.

She invited me to come in and talk, and discussion naturally turned to her sister. Emily told me of her mother, a statistician, and how she had been so delighted with identical twins that she had named one Control, supposedly an obscure Eastern European name but in fact an homage to the identical twins and their role in controlled trials. At the time, I found this anecdote quite amusing. I was a bit into statistics myself, and between discussions of her twin sister and of mathematics I left an hour later feeling like I had made a new friend.

Our social circles intersected more and more over the next few months, and I found myself coming to admire the twins more and more. They were still only freshmen, but through social graces and strong personalities they managed to climb the social ladder with deceptive ease. It wasn't just socially, either; Control had passed my philosophy course with the highest GPA in the class, and by all accounts her sister was an equally strong student, as impressive at the humanities as the hard sciences. And call me shallow, but it did not escape my attention that they were two of the most attractive young women I'd ever met. They weren't conventionally attractive, exactly, but there was something about their mannerisms and their style that made them stand out.

One day I let my interest get the better of me. I had a chance meeting with Emily at a cafe, and we were chatting about all the usual random topics, and she said something about some clever interpretation of Aristotle that even I hadn't thought of, and I just said, outright “I don't get it. Some people are pretty, some people are smart, some people are likable. But you and your sister are always the best at everything. It's not even fair. What's your secret? Black magic?”

To my surprise, Emily didn't laugh. She actually looked quite serious. “Well, we don't talk about it much,” she said. “But since you asked - we just try lots of different things and do what works.”

And she proceeded to tell me how from childhood, she and her sister had taken their heritage seriously and started performing randomized controlled trials on themselves. Evidence-based everything. It began when Emily made flashcards to study from and Control thought it was a waste of time. They made a bet: if Emily could get a better score on three consecutive tests, Control would start using flashcards. Three tests later, the evidence was in: Emily did on average four points better. Control started studying off of flashcards. From then on, whenever they had a difficult choice, Emily would try one path, Control would try the other, and after a few months they would compare results.

When they grew older and started getting an interest in boys, they dealt with it the only way they knew how. Emily and Control would go to the same club with different hairstyles, or different fashions, or entirely different acted personalities, and whoever got more invitations to dance would win for the night. Emily cut her hair, Control kept hers long; when Control consistently attracted more interest, Emily grew hers back. And so they conducted experiment after experiment, at school and at clubs and with their friends, growing stronger with each bit of knowledge gained.

It was the best thing I'd ever heard, and I told Emily so. She just laughed and brushed back her hair in a way that had no doubt been perfected over dozens of unwitting test subjects. I had never wanted an identical twin more than I did in that moment.

I won't bore you with the next year, but by the time my senior year came around, my fondest wish had come true: I asked Control out, and she agreed. We dated with varying levels of seriousness all through the beginning of the year. Emily, for her part, had broken character and was seeing a stereotypical biker from the city: oiled hair, black leather jacket, the whole works. Control and I found this hilarious. We mocked him mercilessly, never where Emily could hear, of course, and compared their tempestuous on-again off-again relationship to the more pleasant and stable thing we had going. We were both so happy that it was totally obvious it couldn't last.

I don't really know why our relationship started to deteriorate, except maybe the same reasons almost everyone's relationships eventually deteriorate. It was college. Maybe we weren't ready yet. But there were more and more fights, and they lasted longer and longer, and eventually after twenty minutes of yelling over the phone I shouted something like “Well, if you dislike me that much, maybe you should have gotten yourself a greasy bad boy biker like your sister!”. And then I hung up.

And then I realized, with a sort of oh-my-god-it-was-obvious-all-along insight, that of COURSE she had considered that option. But it wasn't her way just to go for it willy-nilly. Emily and Control had sat down, decided they needed boyfriends, discussed a mutual interest in sketchy leather-jacket wearing motorcyclist types, and then Emily had gone off and found one. And Control, as usual, had sought out a standard for comparison. Someone totally inoffensive and neutral. Me.

I called her up, my hands shaking. “Hello?” she said. I got to the point. “Am I the placebo boyfriend?” I asked her. She hesitated. Right away that told me all that I needed to know.

“So that's all I am to you?” I snarled. “A placebo? A control group for your real boyfriend? Well, experiment is over now. And very successful, by the sound of it. You can't help but do better than the control.” I slammed down the phone.

And an hour later, I was treated to a long and desperate-sounding email from Control. The gist of it was that yes, she had been using me, but I had it all wrong. The experiment had gone the opposite way. Emily hated her boyfriend; she was sticking with him only out of a sense that it would be bad experimental practice to end the study prematurely. She and I had had our quarrels, but overall it had been a good time, and she was going to recommend Emily get a boyfriend just like me. She said all the right things, but by that point I had hardened my heart. I deleted the email and resolved to avoid the sisters from then on.

It proved easier than I thought. Emily and Control, who had once moved through college society with masterful ease, were nowhere to be seen.

I learned why one evening after talking to a mutual friend. Emily had tried to break up with her boyfriend. He hadn't taken it very well. He'd beaten her up, then assaulted her. The hospital said her physical wounds were mostly superficial, but the trauma was harder to heal. I started to hear rumors that she was skipping classes - unthinkable just a few months earlier. Then other rumors, that she'd turned to alcohol. I didn't believe them. She'd been too perfect.

But I ran into her one night at the cafe where we used to hang out. As soon as I saw her, I knew the rumors were true. She looked awful. “Hey,” she told me. She didn't sound too good either.

“Control says she's sorry,” Emily told me, nursing a beer. “She really did like you.”

“I guess I believe that, now,” I said. “But what's done is done. You know, I really respected that science thing of yours. Best idea I ever heard. Seriously. But you can't do that kind of thing when there are people on the other side who'll get hurt. It's, you know, unethical.”

Emily glared. “You think I didn't get hurt myself?” she asked. “But finding someone to settle down with is the most important thing you can do. And you want me to take it on anecdotal evidence? I thought Brad would be good for me. I proved the hypothesis wrong. And it's damned good I did, or else Control might have hooked up with someone like him too, and things would've been worse. Really, the whole thing's your fault.” She spat. “ If you hadn't had your little anti-science tantrum, you and Control would still be together, I'd be looking for someone nice like you, and none of this would've happened.”

“Emily,” I started. I wanted to be mad, but right now I was too worried. “You can still find someone. I know what Brad did to you hurt you bad, but you don't need to do this whole downward spiral thing. Seriously, put away the beer, clean yourself up, and I'll introduce you to some of my friends. You can even make an experiment out of it, if it'll make you happy.”

“It's not about what makes me happy,” said Emily, “it's about the truth. As for whether I should put away the beer, that remains to be seen.” She finished her can. “See you around.”

A few weeks later, I saw her again. Control was drinking with her. I hoped it was just a lapse of standards on her part. The alternative - that Control had deliberately stayed sober while Emily drank, that they had compared results, and that Emily had convinced her sister that alcoholism was the way to go - was really too horrible to contemplate.

Although considering what was to come, the phrase “too horrible to contemplate” really shouldn't be used so lightly.

It was a few days before graduation. I hadn't seen either of the twins in a couple of months. I vaguely felt like I should search them out and say some sort of goodbye before I left the university forever, but things kept getting in the way, and I didn't bother. It was the professor I'd been TAing for who first told me the news.

“You know Emily?” he asked. “The twin sister of that lovely girl Control I had a few years ago? Don't tell anyone yet, but the faculty just got an email about her. Apparently she killed herself. Overdosed on some pills, don't know how she got them. Very sad. And everyone said she was such a nice girl, too.”

I was shocked. I really didn't know what to say. I knew that between her experience with Brad and the alcohol that she'd been in a bad way lately, but I never could have imagined it would come to this. The funeral was the day before graduation. I was there. Control was there too. I don't think we spoke two words to each other. I was in shock. She was obviously in shock. We listened to the pastor go through his empty ritual - ashes to ashes, dust to dust - and then I returned to school for a decidedly joyless graduation. Control was a year behind me; thank goodness she didn't have to endure those two ceremonies juxtaposed in quite that way.

After that I left town pretty quickly. I had a job offer a few hundred miles away, so I took that and soon my memories of college were far behind me. I emailed Control once or twice, expressing my condolences, saying how sorry I was that things didn't work out between us, telling her I was sure she would bounce back. She responded with equal platitudes: she appreciated my concern, she was trying her best. After a little while, even the meaningless formalities of email were abandoned, and we lost touch completely.

It was six months after graduation. I'd heard about a better job offer back in the old college town, so I'd driven down for the weekend to interview. It had gone well, I was fully expecting a call saying I'd got the job, and I stopped off in the old cafe I'd spent so many hours in to get myself some ice cream in celebration.

There at a table in the far corner was Control, intensely focused on something. I went closer; I saw the object of her interest. She was hunched over a Ouija board. She looked up. “Oh!” she said, with a look of surprise. “I didn't know you'd...”

My blood turned to ice.

It was the simplest possible plan. I should have guessed it months before. For “who would bear the whips and scorns of time, but for the dread of something after death?” And so the experimental and control groups had been randomly assigned, and one of them had entered the great beyond, and the other had stayed in this world of suffering, and God help them they were going to compare results.

So of course I fled as fast as my legs could carry me, and of course I never returned, not even to hear if I'd got the job. And of course I deleted Control's number from my phone, blocked her email account, blocked her on Messenger, unfriended her on Facebook, cut off all contact with everyone I knew in college where there was even the remotest chance they knew her. Because that was one experimental result I never wanted to hear.

What if the next morning, I had found Control dead? Then I would know with all the certainty of science that it was better to die than to live; that life was empirically and incontrovertibly pointless, that those who passed away were the lucky ones compared to us condemned to remain on Earth.

And if I saw her the next morning, bright and lively as ever? Oh God, how much worse that would be! It would mean scientific proof that no matter how wearisome and unpleasant life become, what awaited us beyond the grave was far, far worse. It would mean living in fear of an eternity whose content was unknown, but whose dreadfulness was incontrovertible. Let others say that “all knowledge is worth having”; I am far happier not knowing.

So if you ever meet a girl with straw-blond hair and a smile to die for, a bright enthusiastic girl with a penchant for statistics, and maybe you are attracted to her and maybe you aren't, but you think you would like to get to know her better; well, before you ask her name, think for a moment about whether you want to burden of knowledge that will go with it. And if she smiles at you and says her name is Control, and that it's a funny story, then you are lost, and all I ask is that you never tell me how she's doing.
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Also may not, technically, have happened [Mar. 19th, 2011|02:33 pm]
Scott
[Tags|]

The man bumped into me, knocked the wind out of me, and then apologized a second later.

"Sorry!" he said. Then he stopped, thought a second. "By the way, you don't know where I could find a decent Indian restaurant around here, do you?"

"Actually, there's one just a few minutes that way," I told him. "I'm heading that direction myself. You can follow me if you want, I'll point it out to you."

"Oh, thanks." He held out one of his six blue hands, which I reluctantly shook. "I'm Mahaksuryana. Pleased to make your acquaintance."

"This is kind of going to be a weird question," I said, "but are you a Buddhist god?"

"Hindu, actually," said Mahaksuryana, "but I'm not offended. I like the Buddhists. They're pretty chill."

"I'm...not sure they'd let you into a restaurant, looking like that," I said. "Or, well, they might, but you'd pick up a lot of unwanted attention."

He closed his eyes for a second, and clasped his hands in a posture of infinite inner peace. His blue skin changed to a dusky brown, and four of his six arms vanished. I began walking, and he followed.

"Sorry," he said. "It's been a long time since I've been down here. You've kind of screwed the place up, no offense."

"None taken," I said. "We humans haven't always been perfect stewards of our planet, but I do think that -"

"I mean," continued Mahaksuryana, "we told you lot not to eat cows. But would you listen?"

"What? What does eating cows have to do with all of this?"

The Hindu god sighed. "Think about it. The number of living humans increases every generation. A hundred fifty years ago there were only a billion humans. Now there are seven billion.

"We're supposed to reincarnate the souls of the dead into new bodies, but there just aren't enough souls to deal with the population explosion. That's not even counting the virtuous who achieve enlightenment and break the cycle of reincarnation, or the wicked who have to be reincarnated as cockroaches for an aeon as just desert for their sins.

"We used to have procedures for something like this. The most virtuous animals would be reincarnated as human. Usually it would be some courageous tiger or some especially clever monkey or something, or a war elephant who served his master well.

"But now you've cut down the jungles and drained the swamps and there just aren't a whole lot of monkeys and tigers running around. In fact, the only large animals with complex nervous systems that continue to exist in numbers even remotely similar to those of humans are your farm animals. Not to mention they're conveniently located in large human habitations. If we need a soul in central Iowa, stat, no way we're going to go looking for the last remaining population of wild tigers in Bangladesh.

"So the overwhelming majority of your people were farm animals in their past lives.

"But think about how you treat your farm animals. Factory farming. Force fed through tubes so their diet can be precisely controlled. Locked in cages exactly the size of their bodies to prevent them from using their muscles lest the meat become less tender. Separated at birth from their families. Never seeing the sun or the green grass. Pumped full of drugs so they can be packed side-to-side in vast warehouses without infection.

"And then your children are born, and almost from birth they start to go wrong. Stuffing themselves full of food and avoiding exercise. Isolated from their families and each other. Retreating from nature and the open spaces to watch television in dark rooms. Stuffing themselves full of drugs, from alcohol to cocaine, in an attempt to make themselves feel better.

"And your psychiatrists write in their journals about how rates of depression, autism, and attention deficit disorder are increasing by orders of magnitude each generation, and they don't know why.

"Honestly, sometimes I can't blame Kali for just wanting to destroy the whole thing and start over. I guess she'll get her way soon eno -

- oh, look, there's the Indian restaurant! And it looks delicious!"

And with divine precision the Hindu god Mahaksuryana bowed, did a perfect quarter turn, and stepped through the door. I would have followed, but I was in a hurry, and something warned me to stay away.

I never saw Mahaksuryana again, and honestly that's just fine by me.
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Might not, technically, have happened [Oct. 31st, 2010|06:16 pm]
Scott
[Tags|, ]

Mr. Murphy sat on his chair and fidgeted nervously. I sat on mine, hidden in the back corner, doing the same.

I was on rotation with Dr. Tophet, who strenuously objected to having a student. The matter had gone back and forth, with the doctor telling administration that he was a very busy man, and administration telling the doctor that everyone was busy, and that this was a teaching hospital, and that it would take at least fifteen minutes' work for them to find anyone else. For a few days it had seemed like an irresistable force encountering an immovable object. But as always, the reluctance of the administration to do work won out, and Dr. Tophet agreed I could shadow him as long as I promised to sit in a corner and say nothing. So there I sat, quiet and fidgeting.

Mr. Murphy was even less at ease. He had come in last Monday with a history of worsening episodes of depression, rage, and confusion. They'd taken some blood and offered to call him in a few days when the test results were in. Instead, he was told to come to Dr. Tophet's office. That could only mean one thing. Good test results were delivered by phone; bad test results were delivered in person, everyone knew that. Things were not looking good for Mr. Murphy.

"Mr. Murphy," said Dr. Tophet, walking into the room. He shook the man's hand. Dr. Tophet was tall, dark, and vaguely foreign-looking, although I didn't know exactly where he was from. He spoke rarely, and with a slight accent. He did not so much as give me a glance before sitting down and taking out the patient's chart.

"Mr. Murphy, have you ever heard of pneumatoma?"

Mr. Murphy shook his head. The diseases with Greek names, the ones you'd never heard of, they were always the worst.

"In layman's terms, Mr. Murphy, you have soul cancer."

The patient blinked. Opened his mouth a little. Closed it. "Soul cancer? What?"

"Stage two pneumatoma," said Dr. Tophet. "A highly advanced, malignant form of soul cancer."

"What? That's crazy!"

"I'm sorry, but the blood tests confirm it. There's no room for doubt. It's pneumatoma."

"You're making that up."

"It's natural to be angry or in denial when you hear difficult news. If you would prefer to have a few days to reflect before we talk further, I can give you another appointment on Tuesday."

"No," said Mr. Murphy. "I'm not saying I don't believe I have numo...numa...soul cancer. I just never heard of such a thing. How can a soul get cancer?"

"Almost any part of the body or spirit can develop cancer, Mr. Murphy. You've probably heard of breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, but there are hundreds of types only the specialists know about. Angiosarcoma - blood vessel cancer. Osteosarcoma - cancer of bone. Medullablastoma - cancer of embryonic brain remnants. And pneumatoma - cancer of the soul. All very rare. I'm sorry you have to be the one to get it, Mr. Murphy."

"So doctors know about the soul?"

"We would hardly be doing our job if we missed an entire organ. Pneumatology is decades old and on sound scientific footing."

"Soul cancer," he said, testing out the words. "Soul cancer. Bloody hell. Is it dangerous?"

"Very," said Dr. Tophet. "After it reaches a certain size, it will metastasize to other organs and eventually kill you. But don't worry. This is one of the top hospitals for treating soul cancer in the country, and I promise you we won't let you go without a fight."

Mr. Murphy looked utterly miserable.

"What's the treatment?"

"For stage two, I'm afraid I have to recommend a radical pneumatonectomy."

"Radical...pneumatonectomy?"

"We take out your soul through your nose."

Mr. Murphy literally jumped out of his chair.

"You can...remove the soul...through the nose?"

"It's not so surprising," said Dr. Tophet. "Do you say 'God bless you!' when someone sneezes? It comes from the old belief that a sufficiently powerful sneeze might blow the soul out through the nose, and that a prayer was necessary to make sure God helped it back into its rightful place. Of course, the custom itself is only superstition: a normal sneeze is hundreds of times too weak to actually dispel the soul. But the principle behind it is sound, and with modern surgical technique there should be minimal trauma and no pain."

"But...what happens to me...without my soul?"

Dr. Tophet stood up and went to his bookshelf. He passed by books with titles like Encyclopedia of Parapsychiatry and British Journal of Radiation Ontology until he came to one entitled Pneumatonectomy - History and Practice.which he took down, opened to a bookmarked page, and handed to his patient. I couldn't see any of the text, just Mr. Murphy's head, occasionally nodding.

"The soul," declared Dr. Tophet, "is what we call a vestigial organ. It's like the appendix. In the past, it was important for appreciating beautiful music and poetry, communing with the grandeur of nature, experiencing true love, and guiding our moral decisions. But in these days of rap music, nature replaced by endless suburbs, and no-fault divorce? And how many people nowadays do you see reading poetry? Most of my patients get through their pneumatonectomy without even noticing the difference. I have one patient who's three years post pneumatonectomy and is now head of a major bank."

"What about my morals? Will I become a, you know, a psychopath?"

"Oh no. Most of what you call 'morality' is just following convention, avoiding punishment, worrying what the neighbors will think. The contribution of your actual soul is so minor as to be unnoticeable. You'll be fine."

"And..." Mr. Murphy looked a bit bewildered, a bit out of his depth. A deer in the headlights sort of expression. "And what about, you know, after I die. If I don't have a soul, do I still go to, you know, the afterlife?"

The doctor narrowed his eyes. "Mr. Murphy, I am a busy man. I don't know if you realize the gravity of your condition, but please, try to stay serious."

With a pleading but-what-did-i-do-wrong look in his eyes, Mr. Murphy went silent, totally defeated.

"Tell you what, Mr. Murphy. I'm going to give you the consent form for the operation. You can look it over at your leisure in the waiting room. My medical student will help you out if there is anything you don't understand. When you've finished, you can sign the form and give it to my secretary. Here's a pen, you can return that to my secretary too. Once you've signed the form, we can schedule a date for your operation. "

Mr. Murphy nodded.

"Uh, sorry," I said. "I really don't know anything about soul cancer. Maybe you should..."

"Then this would be a good time to learn," said Dr. Tophet. "I am going to work on charts for the rest of the day. I'll see you tomorrow morning. Mr. Murphy, thank you for your time."

His tone of voice did not invite question or comment, and without even rising to shake hands he took the book from Mr. Murphy, replacing it on his shelf between The History and Metaphysical Exam and an old, decaying book whose title had faded but which was authored by a "Dr. Alhazred". Then he took a chart from the pile beside his desk and started scrutinizing it."

"Uh, come with me," I told Mr. Murphy. "I'll show you to the waiting room."

Actually, I wasn't sure where the waiting room was. I'd never been in this wing of the hospital before. I assumed I could find it, though, an assumption that was immediately proved embarrassingly wrong. I caught sight of a row of signs with relief. One pointed to the waiting room, another to a cafeteria, and another to...

"It says the office of the hospital chaplain is that direction," said Mr. Murphy. "Do you know him?"

"Never met him," I say.

"If you don't mind...do you think Dr. Tophet would mind if I had a talk with him. Because of souls and all?"

"I'm sure he wouldn't," I said, though in fact I very much doubted my ability to predict the doctor's actions and he seemed like the easily offended sort. Still, Mr. Murphy seemed pretty upset, and to be honest I was upset as well. I'd never heard of soul cancer, I was pretty sure there was no such thing, and I wanted some answers. And if there was one profession adept at giving answers, with certainty, about entities that didn't exist, it was the clergy.

"Please, sit down," said Father Mahony, after Mr. Murphy had told his story. "Can I see the form? The consent form? Thank you." He accepted the several pages of stapled documents, along with Dr. Tophet's rather fancy-looking pen, and scrutinized them carefully. He started underlining and making notes on key phrases on the consent form.

"Uh," I said. "Better not do that. Dr. Tophet tends to be kind of a stickler."

"I see," said Father Mahony. "I am sorry." He looked with dismay at the document, which now had several red lines under certain words. Then he looked up.

"Gentlemen," he said. "I have been through many years of seminary. I have been several times to the Vatican. I have spent thirty years ministering to the souls of people in and around this hospital. And never, in all my life, have I heard of such a thing as soul cancer. I do not believe that the same God who endowed us with an immortal soul, would see fit to make that soul corruptible, and capable of turning against itself."

"Well," I said, "He did it with bodies."

"I would like to speak to this Dr. Tophet," said the priest, as he finished his scan of the consent forms. "I would prefer that you not sign anything until I did so."

"Uh," I said "He's really busy."

"And so am I," said Father Mahony, "but I am sure no doctor, no matter how busy, would begrudge a few minutes to talk about the health of a patient in need."

"Uh," I said "You haven't talked to a lot of doctors, have you?"

"This is important," said the priest, as he grabbed something from his desk. "Please take me to Dr. Tophet."

And so back we wandered through the corridors. Knock. Knock.

"Office hours are over, please talk to my secretary," came the voice of Dr. Tophet from within his office.

"This is Father Mahony, the hospital chaplain. I'm afraid it's a matter of some urgency. May I come in?"

And without awaiting an answer, Father Mahony opened the door and stepped inside. Dr. Tophet looked up from his charts, clearly annoyed. He gazed impassively at Mr. Murphy. At me, he shot the Stare of Death. This was going to be a very long rotation.

"Let's not mince words," said Father Mahony. "I just have one question for you, and then I'll let you be."

"Yes?" asked the doctor.

"Doctor Tophet, are you the Devil?"

The doctor blinked.

"No," he finally answered. "No, I am not."

"Good," said Father Mahony. "Then nothing at all of interest should happen when I do THIS!"

And he took the vial of holy water, opened the stopper, and flung it at Dr. Tophet.

Dr. Tophet caught fire.

The doctor flailed around for a few seconds, dropped to the ground, and rolled. A second later, the flames went out.

He stood up. He was now, very clearly, both more and less than human. His eyes were orange. His hands ended in black claws, his teeth in fangs. His skin glowed with an obvious red lustre. He spoke slowly and with painful clarity, as if the words had formed in far off voids of space and only arrived at his mouth after an epic journey.

"Before, when I said I was not the Devil, I might not have been entirely telling the truth."

Mr. Murphy and I grabbed each other and I think we both shrieked. Father Mahony only nodded.

"If I may ask, what gave it away?"

"The consent form says you retain all rights to tissue removed in the operation. In other words, it said you get to keep his soul. And the pen was blood. I was suspicious when I saw the red ink, and then I smelled it to make sure. If I had to guess, I'd say it was Mr. Murphy's blood, from the samples you took for the blood tests. When I thought to myself - who asks someone to sign a contract in their own blood, giving up their soul - well, it wasn't too hard."

"I see," said the Devil. "And tell me, did Mr. Murphy sign the form?"

"No,"

"Too bad. Then I will be going, now."

"No," said the priest, brandishing the crucifix on his necklace. "I will not permit you to leave until you release the souls of everyone who you previously gave this operation, and until you promise never to set foot within University Hospital again!"

"I'll release the souls," said the Devil. "As for never setting foot here again...Father, a dozen people die in this hospital every day. Surely even you must understand that not all of them can be headed for Heaven."

Father Mahony turned just a little pale. "Very we-" he said, but before he could even complete the sentence, there was a clap of thunder, a cloud of acrid smoke, and the Devil was gone. Mr. Murphy just fainted then, and Father Mahony and I had to carry him to the A&E a few doors down, where they said he would eventually be all right.

As for me, without a supervisor, and with the administration unwilling to do the paperwork it would take to get a new one, I had the rest of the week off.

As for the souls, I don't know if it's connected, but the newspaper the next day mentioned that the head of a major bank, an extremely important public figure, had suddenly and inexplicably resigned, donated all of his money to the needy, and joined a monastery.

And as for Father Mahony, well, last I saw him he was taking a trolley into Dr. Tophet's office to carry off his collection of extremely interesting books.
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